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The 1st Louisiana Native Guard (later became the 73rd Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops) was one of the first all-black regiments to fight in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was based in New Orleans, Louisiana, and played a prominent role in the Siege of Port Hudson. Its members included a minority of free men of color from New Orleans; most were African-American men who had escaped from slavery to join the Union cause and gain freedom. A predecessor regiment by the same name 1st Louisiana Native Guard (CSA) had served in the Confederate Louisiana militia, made up of free men of color who had served in the militia before the war. ==Union regiment formed== After New Orleans fell to Admiral David Farragut in April 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler headquartered his 12,000-man Army of the Gulf in New Orleans. On September 27, 1862, Butler organized the Union Army's 1st Louisiana Native Guard regiment, some of whose members had also been part of the previous Confederate Native Guard regiment. The regiment's initial strength was 1,000 men, composed mostly of African-American men who had escaped from slavery to gain freedom.〔Terry L. Jones (2012-10-19) ("The Free Men of Color Go to War" - NYTimes.com ). Opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved on 2012-12-18.〕 Former Confederate Lt. Andre Cailloux, a Creole of color in New Orleans, was named captain of Company E of the 1st Louisiana Native Guard, and P. B. S. Pinchback, also a free man of color, captain of Company A. During this period, some slaves who escaped from nearby plantations joined the regiment, but the Union Army's official policy discouraged such enrollments. In November 1862, the number of escaped slaves seeking to enlist became so great that the Union organized a second regiment and, a month later, a third regiment.〔 The field grade officers of these regiments (colonels, lieutenant colonels, and majors) were white men, with the notable exception of Major Francois (Francis) Ernest Dumas of the 2nd Regiment, a Creole of color. The line officers were mostly free men of color (classified as black), including P. B. S. Pinchback, who was reassigned as Company Commander of the 2nd Regiment. He served in 1872 as the first governor of Louisiana of African-American descent, and was elected to the US House of Representatives and Senate. Spencer Stafford, formerly Butler's military "mayor" of New Orleans, was the original commander of the 1st Louisiana Native Guard. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1st Louisiana Native Guard (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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